During Beevor's test, the umbilicus moved down =
Answer: Lesion at t8-9
During Beevor's test, the umbilicus moved down =
Answer: Lesion at t8-9
Answer: Lesion at t8-9
During Beevor's test, the umbilical moved up =
During Beevor's test, the umbilical moved up =
Answer: Lesion at t10 or below
Heel walking tests __
Heel walking tests __
Answer:
L4, L5
Tib ant
T/F An pt just finished exercising, and tested positive for hyperreflexia, that signals a UMNL, wexler grade 3.
T/F An pt just finished exercising, and tested positive for hyperreflexia, that signals a UMNL, wexler grade 3.
Answer: False, exercise can induce hyperreflexia
A normal ranking on the wexler reflex scale is
A normal ranking on the wexler reflex scale is
Answer: 2
During DTR testing there is Hyporeflexia =
During DTR testing there is Hyporeflexia =
Answer:
LMNL
PNS
During DTR testing, there was hyperreflexia =
During DTR testing, there was hyperreflexia =
Answer:
UMNL
CNS
During menus ration - pt right arm of complaint is larger than left, what could it be
During menus ration - pt right arm of complaint is larger than left, what could it be
Answer:
Hyper trophy,
Edema
Pt has loss of vibration, 2 point, position sense, movement, sense, stereognosis, graphesthesia, what issue do they have?
Pt has loss of vibration, 2 point, position sense, movement, sense, stereognosis, graphesthesia, what issue do they have?
Answer: Dorsal Columns
Pt has fascinations (impaired ms contractions) that are small local involuntary contracts, it is a sign of
Pt has fascinations (impaired ms contractions) that are small local involuntary contracts, it is a sign of
Answer: LMNL
A pt has flaccid paralysis, hyperreflexia, atrophy, and hypotonia it is a sign of
A pt has flaccid paralysis, hyperreflexia, atrophy, and hypotonia it is a sign of
Answer: LMNL
T/F If a person has superficial reflexes it is a sign of a UMNL.
T/F If a person has superficial reflexes it is a sign of a UMNL.
Answer: False, it is a sign of normal
A pt has spastic paralysis, hyperreflexia, clonus, it is a sign of
A pt has spastic paralysis, hyperreflexia, clonus, it is a sign of
Answer: UMNL
LMN lesions are
LMN lesions are
Answer: Radiculopathy Or Neuropathy
Myelopathy is a lesion ___.
Myelopathy is a lesion ___.
Answer: To spinal cord or brain
Neuropathy is a lesion to a __ nerve.
Neuropathy is a lesion to a __ nerve.
Answer: Peripheral
Radiculopathy is a lesion to a __ nerve.
Radiculopathy is a lesion to a __ nerve.
Answer: Spinal nerve
Corticospinal are a ___ tract.
Corticospinal are a ___ tract.
Answer: Pyramidal
Location of lesion _____ correlate with area of sensory loss.
Location of lesion _____ correlate with area of sensory loss.
Answer: Does not
__ controls Coordination of voluntary movement, balance, equilibrium.
__ controls Coordination of voluntary movement, balance, equilibrium.
Answer: Cerebellum
__ controls respiration, HR, BP.
__ controls respiration, HR, BP.
Answer: Brainstem
__ functions of fight or flight, homeostasis, wakefulness, attention.
__ functions of fight or flight, homeostasis, wakefulness, attention.
Answer: Diencephalon
Increased intracranial pressure such as meningitis, subarachnoid hemorrhage, trauma, mass lesions =
Increased intracranial pressure such as meningitis, subarachnoid hemorrhage, trauma, mass lesions =
Answer: Papilledema
During Weber test, pt can hear better on the Good ear =
During Weber test, pt can hear better on the Good ear =
Answer:
Sensory neural hearing loss
Old age, infection
Noise exposure
Otitis interna
During Weber test, pt can hear better on the BAD ear =
During Weber test, pt can hear better on the BAD ear =
Answer: Conductive hearing loss due to Obstruction
During rinne's test AC > BC =
During rinne's test AC > BC =
Answer: Sensory neural damage, to side with SHORTER time
During rinne's test AC < BCx2 =
During rinne's test AC < BCx2 =
Answer: Conductive
How do you evaluate the sinuses?
How do you evaluate the sinuses?
Answer: Palpation and transillumination
A person with hemophilia can be more prone to
A person with hemophilia can be more prone to
Answer: Epistaxis
A symptom of cystic fibrosis can be __
A symptom of cystic fibrosis can be __
Answer: Polyps
Pt has blue mucosa _
Pt has blue mucosa _
Answer: Chronic allergies
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), also immotile ciliary syndrome or ___ , is a rare, ciliopathic, autosomal recessive genetic disorder that causes defects in the action of cilia lining the respiratory tract (lower and upper, sinuses.
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), also immotile ciliary syndrome or ___ , is a rare, ciliopathic, autosomal recessive genetic disorder that causes defects in the action of cilia lining the respiratory tract (lower and upper, sinuses.
Answer: Kartagener syndrome
Retinal hemangiosarcoma is aka __ and is a type of __ disease.
Retinal hemangiosarcoma is aka __ and is a type of __ disease.
Answer: "Von Hippel tumor von hippel lindau disease"
Cerebellar hemangiosarcoma is aka __ and is a type of __ disease.
Cerebellar hemangiosarcoma is aka __ and is a type of __ disease.
Answer: "Lindau tumor von hippel lindau disease"
__ may have wilms tumor, Rhabdomyosarcoma, pheochromocytoma, or Hydrocephalus.
__ may have wilms tumor, Rhabdomyosarcoma, pheochromocytoma, or Hydrocephalus.
Answer: neurofibromatosis
__ has light brown Café au Lait macules along the nerve.
__ has light brown Café au Lait macules along the nerve.
Answer: neurofibromatosis
__ bilateral neck web, amenorrhea/infertility, lymphedema, wide carry angle of arm, coarctation of aorta.
__ bilateral neck web, amenorrhea/infertility, lymphedema, wide carry angle of arm, coarctation of aorta.
Answer: Turners syndrome 45, X
__ occurs in males, anti social, impulsive, aggressive, tall.
__ occurs in males, anti social, impulsive, aggressive, tall.
Answer: XYY (47, XYY)
__ testicular atrophy, azoospermia, eunuchoid body, female hair distribution, main cause of infertility in males, 2 or more X chromosome and at least 1 Y.
__ testicular atrophy, azoospermia, eunuchoid body, female hair distribution, main cause of infertility in males, 2 or more X chromosome and at least 1 Y.
Answer: Klinefelter syndrome (testicular dysgenesis)
__ is not related to maternal age.
__ is not related to maternal age.
Answer: Cri Du Chat
__ microcephaly, epicanthic folds, underdeveloped CNS, small larynx, some survive to adult life.
__ microcephaly, epicanthic folds, underdeveloped CNS, small larynx, some survive to adult life.
Answer: Cri Du Chat
Proper foot position and alignment of the back, shoulders,arms,wrists, and hands reduce the chance of ____ injuries.
Proper foot position and alignment of the back, shoulders,arms,wrists, and hands reduce the chance of ____ injuries.
Answer: repetitive stress
Correct posture is essential for all of the following except
Correct posture is essential for all of the following except
a. conserving strength
b. expending energy
c. preventing repetitive stress injuries
d. sustaining energy
Answer: expending energy
Body mechanics is concerned mainly with which one of the following?
Body mechanics is concerned mainly with which one of the following?
Answer: Postures relative to daily living.
When massage is done correctly, the therapists ___ is engaged in each movement.
When massage is done correctly, the therapists ___ is engaged in each movement.
Answer: Whole body
Tightness of ____ neck muscles.
Tightness of ____ neck muscles.
Answer: posterior
Because the ____ muscle attaches to the lumbar vertebrae, transverse processes and the intervertebral disks this muscle can pull directly on the spine.
Because the ____ muscle attaches to the lumbar vertebrae, transverse processes and the intervertebral disks this muscle can pull directly on the spine.
Answer: psoas
In a double curve i.e ____ curve as in right thoracic left lumbar there will be fullness on the right in the upper back and on the left in the low back area.
In a double curve i.e ____ curve as in right thoracic left lumbar there will be fullness on the right in the upper back and on the left in the low back area.
Answer: s
The fullness will be on one side only if there is a single curve(i.e. ____ curve)
The fullness will be on one side only if there is a single curve(i.e. ____ curve)
Answer: c
___ is a lateral curvature of the spine.
___ is a lateral curvature of the spine.
Answer: Scoliosis
CA pump is present in
CA pump is present in
Answer:
plasma membrane of muscle cells
sarcoplasmic reticulum of Skeletal & cardiac muscles
The Na/K ATP pump has a net ___ charge ___.
The Na/K ATP pump has a net ___ charge ___.
Answer: + charge Outside.
How is secondary transport driven?
How is secondary transport driven?
Answer: Uses the potential energy stored in the concentration gradient of another molecule that was previously pumped by a primary trans.
__ active transport is an Indirect use of energy.
___ active transport is an Indirect use of energy.
Answer: secondary
___ % of the cells energy can be for active transport.
___ % of the cells energy can be for active transport.
Answer: 90%
___ active transport is a Direct use of energy.
___ active transport is a Direct use of energy.
Answer: Primary
___ (equilibrium potential) is the theoretical intracellular electrical potential that would be equal in magnitude buy opposite in the direction to the concentration force.
___ (equilibrium potential) is the theoretical intracellular electrical potential that would be equal in magnitude buy opposite in the direction to the concentration force.
Answer: Nernst Potential
3 factors that influence the net rate of diffusion (net flux).
3 factors that influence the net rate of diffusion (net flux).
Answer:
1: concentration difference
2: electrical potential
3: pressure difference
Why is glucose in both diffusion and mediated diffusion?
Why is glucose in both diffusion and mediated diffusion?
Answer: Glucose uses Gluts and is metabolized in the cytosol immediately therefor glucose always remains lower than extracell concentrail (downhill gradient) therefore No energy.
Rate of diffusion is limited by ____
Rate of diffusion is limited by ____
Answer: vMax
Carrier Mediated diffusion is aka
Carrier Mediated diffusion is aka
Answer: facilitated diffusion
T/F You can increase the Flux of Mediated transport by increasing the amount of solute.
T/F You can increase the Flux of Mediated transport by increasing the amount of solute.
Answer: False: flux depends on how quickly the transporter can change shape.
__ molecules diff very Slowly across the lipid bilayer.
__ molecules diff very Slowly across the lipid bilayer.
Answer: Polar
Most organic molecules are in the ___ stage of the metabolic pathway.
Most organic molecules are in the ___ stage of the metabolic pathway.
Answer: intermediate
T/F Non polar molecules diffuse Slowly across the lipid bilayer by dissolving non polar fatty acid chains.
T/F Non polar molecules diffuse Slowly across the lipid bilayer by dissolving non polar fatty acid chains.
Answer: False, its RAPID
Polar amino acids travel?
Polar amino acids travel?
Answer: low to high through secondary active trans
What kind of energy for secondary active transport?
What kind of energy for secondary active transport?
Answer: Ion gradient
What kind of energy for primary active transport?
What kind of energy for primary active transport?
Answer: atp
2 energy using mediated trans
2 energy using mediated trans
Answer: primary & secondary
Charc of facilitated diffusion
Charc of facilitated diffusion
Answer: integral, flux, chem spec, and NO energy
How does glucose travel from high to low?
How does glucose travel from high to low?
Answer: facilitated diffusion
How do non polar, O, CO, fatty acids travel from high to low?
How do non polar, O, CO, fatty acids travel from high to low?
Answer: lipid bilayer diffusion
2 charac of protein channels
2 charac of protein channels
Answer: integral, chem spec
How do Ions: Na, K, CA travel from High to Low ?
How do Ions: Na, K, CA travel from High to Low ?
Answer: Protein channels diffusion
T/F: mesothelioma is a chronic illness.
T/F: mesothelioma is a chronic illness.
Answer: False: it has a 35-45 latency period but most do not survive longer than 1 year after diagnosis, fatal withing 4-8 months
pt has thick firm white pleural tumor tissue with Psammoma bodies =
pt has thick firm white pleural tumor tissue with Psammoma bodies =
Answer: mesothelioma
Plural tumors, mesothelioma
Plural tumors, mesothelioma
Answer: asbestos exposure
Paraneoplastic syndrome has
Paraneoplastic syndrome has
Answer:
periostitis
subperiosteal (new bone formation)
with/without clubbing
The survival rate of lung cancer is __ years ___ %.
The survival rate of lung cancer is __ years ___ %.
Answer: 5 years - 14%
How does lung cancer spread?
How does lung cancer spread?
Answer:
direct
lymphatic
hematogenous (to liver, adrenals, brain.
Adenocarcinoma (bronchioloalveolar type) occurs near.
Adenocarcinoma (bronchioloalveolar type) occurs near.
Answer: the periphery of hte lung
Most lung cancers occur near ___
Most lung cancers occur near ___
Answer: the hilum
___ commonly metastasize to the lung.
___ commonly metastasize to the lung.
Answer: Sarcomas (osteogenic sarcoma)
Cannon ball metastasis are seen in ___ adenocarcinoma.
Cannon ball metastasis are seen in ___ adenocarcinoma.
Answer:
renal cell,
testicuarl
thyroid
chroicarcinoma
__ is the most common cause of cancer metastatic to the lung.
__ is the most common cause of cancer metastatic to the lung.
Answer: breast cancer
___ is a more common form of primary lung cancer.
___ is a more common form of primary lung cancer.
Answer: Metastasis
Primary lung cancer has
Primary lung cancer has
Answer:
squamous cell carcinoma,
adenocarcinoma
small cell carcinoma (Oat cell)
large cell carcinoma
_ is the 2nd most common cause of death.
_ is the 2nd most common cause of death.
Answer: Lung cancer
__ is the 3rd most common cause of death in the US.
__ is the 3rd most common cause of death in the US.
Answer: pulmonary infarction
With pulmonary infarction, a pt will have respiratory acidosis or alkalosis?
With pulmonary infarction, a pt will have respiratory acidosis or alkalosis?
Answer: Alkalosis (hypoxemia - not enough o2)
With pulmonary hypertension, a pt will have ___ sided heart failure.
With pulmonary hypertension, a pt will have ___ sided heart failure.
Answer: RIGHT
Nodular lesions of irregular and interlacing blood channels (plexiforms/angiomatous lesions) are found in
Nodular lesions of irregular and interlacing blood channels (plexiforms/angiomatous lesions) are found in
Answer: pulmonary hypertension
During pulmonary hypertension there is
During pulmonary hypertension there is
Answer:
emphysema
hypoxemia
pulmonary embolism
polycythemia
Pt has hypoproteinemia, a heavy rubbery lung with Wide septal walls and hemosiderin laden macrophages, pt is also experiencing congestive heart failure =
Pt has hypoproteinemia, a heavy rubbery lung with Wide septal walls and hemosiderin laden macrophages, pt is also experiencing congestive heart failure =
Answer: Pulmonary congestion and edema
COPD is ___ compliance ___ elasticity.
COPD is ___ compliance ___ elasticity.
Answer:
increase compliance (increase stretch on inspiration)
decrease elasticity = (decrease recoil on expiration)
4th leading cause of death =
4th leading cause of death =
Answer: COPD
Good pasture is caused by
Good pasture is caused by
Answer: auto-immune, reaction against basement membrane antigen of the alveoli and glomeruli (Type 2 hypersent)
The infant is grunting, nasal flaring, rib retraction, cyanosis, and the lungs have a solid red appearance =
The infant is grunting, nasal flaring, rib retraction, cyanosis, and the lungs have a solid red appearance =
Answer: neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (hyaline membrane disease)
Premature infants or from diabetic mothers are at risk of
Premature infants or from diabetic mothers are at risk of
Answer: neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (hyaline membrane disease)
24-48 hours after a surgery a pt is now having a fever,. what could be the cause?
24-48 hours after a surgery a pt is now having a fever,. what could be the cause?
Answer: atelectasis
Patchy atelectasis results from
Patchy atelectasis results from
Answer: loss of surfactant (ARDS)
pt has arterial blood gas level as hypoxemic and the xray show diffuse/pathcy bilateral infiltrates =
pt has arterial blood gas level as hypoxemic and the xray show diffuse/pathcy bilateral infiltrates =
Answer: ARDS
T/F: ARD is a chronic condition
T/F: ARD is a chronic condition
Answer: False: survival time is 2 weeks
Decrease surfactant can lead to
Decrease surfactant can lead to
Answer: atelectasis
In ARD the lung ___ decrease =
In ARD the lung ___ decrease =
Answer: Compliance (decrease stretch on inspiration )
What causes leaky pulmonary capillaries?
What causes leaky pulmonary capillaries?
Answer: release of chemical mediators (proteases and free radicals) and arachidonic acid causing pulmonary vasoConstriction = increase vessel permeability
Restrictive lung disease: Compliance
Restrictive lung disease: Compliance
Answer: decrease compliance = decrease stretch on inspiration
Where does Coccidioidomycosis occur?
Where does Coccidioidomycosis occur?
Answer: San Joaquin Valley
Where does histoplasmosis occur?
Where does histoplasmosis occur?
Answer: Midwest/Eastern US - caused by fungus
How does TB lead to lung cancer?
How does TB lead to lung cancer?
Answer: Scar formation
T/F: TB cavity is lined with White caseous material?
T/F: TB cavity is lined with White caseous material?
Answer: False: Grey material
Secondary TB prefers the oxygen rich apex of the lung because of previous sensitzation aka
Secondary TB prefers the oxygen rich apex of the lung because of previous sensitzation aka
Answer: Miliary TB
Reactivation of an old TB organism is called
Reactivation of an old TB organism is called
Answer: Secondary TB
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